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Ingold, P.

Brüten an Felsklippen – was Trottellummen Uria aalge aalge befähigt, auf Felssimsen und in dichten Gemeinschaften zu brüten.

2016

113

85–120

Key words
(von 1994 bis 2006 vergeben)

Brutbiologie, Brutplatzwahl, Brutverhalten, Eiform, Brutverband, individuelle Erkennung, Schlüpfvorgang, akustische Beziehung, Lernfähigkeit, Lockrufe, Hudern, Fütterung,

Schlagwort_Vogelart
(wissenschaftlich)

Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, Alca torda, Fratercula arctica, Cepphus grylle, Rissa tridactyla, Larus argentatus, Sula bassana, Haliaeetus albicilla, Corvus corax

Schlagwort_Vogelart
(deutsch)

Trottellumme, Dickschnabellumme, Tordalk, Papageitaucher, Gryllteiste, Dreizehenmöwe, Silbermöwe, Basstölpel, Seeadler, Kolkrabe

Vedøy, Røst, Lofoten, Norwegen

deutsch

Abhandlung

Features that enable Common Murres Uria aalge aalge to breed on cliff ledges and in dense communities: an overview of results of the Bernese Project on Alcids. – In a long-term research project (1956 to 1981) on the island Vedøy and in Røst (Lofoten, Norway), the question was investigated how Common Murres are able to breed without a nest on ledges of cliffs and in dense communities. Observations and experiments in the field and laboratory, and in comparative studies on the related species Razorbill Alca torda – which breed pairwise in protected cavities and recesses – revealed the special adaptations of Common Murres to these extreme conditions. (1) Common Murres reduce the risk of an egg falling off the ledge by incubating their single egg close to the wall in greatest possible distance from the ledge edge and by having an array of extremely careful incubating behaviour patterns. (2) The pear-shape of Common Murre eggs also protects an egg that is rolling away from the nest site from falling off. (3) Common Murres know their egg on the basis of colour and pattern, and they learn the changing egg characteristics arising from soiling. The great individual variation in their eggs enable Common Murres to discriminate their own egg from neighbouring eggs on the ledge. (4) The parents react specifically to the calls of their young, and the chick is able to learn the acceptance call of both parents during hatching, so that the parent-young relationship is established before the chick is hatched. (5) Due to the behaviour of the parents and its own behaviour, the Common Murre chick is well protected against falling off, interference from other adults and predation. When chicks are not sheltered between the body and wing of the attending parent, they stay put on the nest site and orientate themselves towards the wall. The adult always places itself between the edge and the young; normally the attending adult never leaves the nest site. During feeding, small chicks are sheltered by both adults which diminishes the risk of the fish being stolen. (6) One evening, at the age of 3 to 4 weeks, chicks approach the edge, crouch forward and leap off the ledge. Chicks and parents are able to recognise and find each other on the sea by their calls.